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Knowing itself is a problematic concept and what was once seen as the clear objective of "knowing," that is to discover "truth" or "reality," has become increasingly less certain. This is even more the case when scholars move from the present to examine epistemology in the past. Two fundamental questions arise: What constituted knowledge in the context of early modern Germany and how was knowledge gathered, assembled, organized, deployed, and interpreted? Ways of Knowing seeks to answer these questions. Taking their cues from a range of interdisciplinary perspectives, including art, German literature, social, political, medical, and religious history, the contributors offer readers a rich and insightful portrait of knowing and knowledge in early modern Germany. Investigators look at what people "knew" in early modern Germany and how they "knew" it. Four essays in part one consider how knowledge was created and organized. In part two, six authors examine how knowledge was evaluated and how it functioned, especially in the realms of belief, law, politics, and medicine. Contributors include: Robert Beachy, Susan R. Boettcher, Jason Coy, Pia F. Cuneo, Mitchell Lewis Hammond, Mary Lindemann, Francisca Loetz, Terence McIntosh, Janice L. Neri, Elisabeth Wåghäll Nivre, and Helen Watanabe-O'Kelly.
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History of civilization --- History of Europe --- anno 1500-1799 --- Knowledge [Sociology of ] --- Congresses --- Social epistemology
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Knowledge, Theory of --- Epistemology --- Theory of knowledge --- Philosophy --- Psychology --- History --- Locke, John,
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Using his intimate knowledge of John Locke's writings, John W. Yolton shows that Locke comprehends "human understanding" as a subset of a larger understanding of other intelligent Beings-angels, spirits, and an omniscient God. Locke's books on Christianity (The Reasonableness of Christianity and Paraphrases of St. Paul's Epistles) have received extensive analysis and commentary, but little attention has been given to the place of his Essay concerning Human Understanding in his religious and theological beliefs. Yolton shows that Locke's account of what it is to be human in that work is profoundly religious.Yolton's book opens with an attempt to sort out several important terms basic to Locke's account of identity: man, self, person, and soul. A number of rarely examined components of Locke's thought emerge: the nature of man, the nature of a human being, and the place of man in the universe among the other creatures. Some will be surprised to learn that the domain of God, angels, and spirits is a part of Locke's universe, where it is considered the hoped-for destination of the just.The Two Intellectual Worlds of John Locke also includes Yolton's exploration of Locke's commitment to immaterial principles for understanding the world; his obsession with happiness; the dialectical tensions between man, person, and soul; several interesting conjectures about spirits; and the notion of natural philosophy that includes speculation about spirits as well as bodies.
Knowledge, Theory of --- Epistemology --- Theory of knowledge --- Philosophy --- Psychology --- History --- Locke, John,
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Knowledge, Theory of --- Théorie de la connaissance --- Diop, Cheikh Anta. --- Epistemology of science
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Cognition. --- Inference. --- Cognition --- Inference --- Knowledge, Theory of --- Epistemology --- Theory of knowledge --- Philosophy --- Psychology --- Ampliative induction --- Induction, Ampliative --- Inference (Logic) --- Reasoning
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This book is intended to help transform epistemology - the traditional study of knowledge - into a rigorous discipline by removing conceptual roadblocks and developing formal tools required for a fully naturalized epistemology. The evolutionary approach which Harms favours begins with the common observation that if our senses and reasoning were not reliable, then natural selection would have eliminated them long ago. The challenge for some time has been how to transform these informal musings about evolutionary epistemology into a rigorous theoretical discipline capable of complementing current scientific studies of the evolution of cognition with a philosophically defensible account of meaning and justification.
Evolution. --- Knowledge, Theory of. --- Epistemology --- Theory of knowledge --- Philosophy --- Psychology --- Creation --- Emergence (Philosophy) --- Teleology --- Arts and Humanities
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Das Jahrbuch 2004/2005 dokumentiert drei Tagungen: "Philosophische Methode als Problem", "Wahrnehmung und Erkenntnis. Der Weg vom Sein zum Denken" und "Benjamin – Bloch – Leibniz. Dialektisches Bild und Monadologie". Im Mittelpunkt des ersten Themenkomplexes stehen Probleme einer zeitgemäßen Ontologie, Epistemologie und Erkenntnistheorie. Diskutiert werden u. a. Fragen des Holismus, der Dialektik einschließlich des Verhältnisses zu Theorien der Selbstorganisation sowie Bezüge der Hirnforschung zu Blochs philosophischem Entwurf. Der zweite Themenkomplex befasst sich mit Benjamins und Blochs Geschichtsphilosophie. Gezeigt werden Übereinstimmungen und Differenzen,wobei auch auf Leibniz’ Einfluss eingegangen wird. Zu welchen Konsequenzen dieses geschichtsphilosophische Konzept führen kann, zeigt das Werk des Komponisten Luigi Nono. Auf Blochs holistische Konzeption geht Doris Zeilinger ein. Kategorien sind "Daseinsformen des Weltstoffs selber". Dies gilt nicht nur für die Gestaltkategorien, sondern auch für die Transmissionskategorien. Annette Schlemm befasst sich in ihrem ersten Beitrag mit der spezifischen Methodik der "Einzelwissenschaft" Physik, die von Messgrößen handelt. Deren Ergebnisse auf die "Welt an sich" zu übertragen, sei unangemessen. In ihrem zweiten Beitrag bezieht Schlemm das Selbstorganisationsdenken mit ein und kommt zu dem Ergebnis, dass Systemtheorie und Selbstorganisationsdenken dem dialektischen Denken zwar nicht widersprechen, Dialektik als begreifend-dialektisches Denken des Konkret-Allgemeinen im Sinne Hegels aber das Übergreifende bleibt. Können sich Menschen ein zureichendes Bild von der Welt machen? Bert Klauninger beantwortet diese Frage dahingehend, dass eine Onto-Epistemologie, basierend auf Materialismus, Dialektik, Systemtheorie und einem dynamischen Kausalitätsbegriff! dies in angemessener Weise gewährleistet, nämlich als "Interaktion offener Systeme". Eine Akzentuierung des Subjekts erfolgt in den nächsten Beiträgen. Der "Lichtung" des Daß-Anstoßes im Weltprozeß näherzukommen, ist Volker Schneiders Anliegen. Er erörtert die Rolle des menschlichen Subjekts als Teil des Intensiven, aber auch des "Logos" in der Welt. Daria Dibitonto geht der "doppelt abgründigen Tiefe der utopischen Funktion" Blochs nach. Die von ihr untersuchte "Dialektik des Wunsches" soll nicht nur eine Versenkung in die Blochsche Methode sein, sondern auch deren Hoffnungspotentiale aktualisieren. Elemente einer "transzendenten Logik und Dialektik" legt Ulrich P. Trappe vor. An Blochs Immanenz-Denken kritisiert er die darin unterschätzte negative Potentialität des Weltstoffs und fordert Konsequenzen...
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Metaphysics --- Theory of knowledge --- Knowledge, Theory of --- Ontology --- Speculative Philosophy --- Philosophy --- Philosophy & Religion --- Being --- Epistemology --- Necessity (Philosophy) --- Substance (Philosophy) --- Psychology --- Knowledge, Theory of. --- Ontology.
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Connaissance [Théorie de la ] --- Epistemologie --- Epistemology --- Epistémologie --- Kenleer --- Kennisleer --- Kennistheorie --- Kentheorie --- Knowledge [Theory of ] --- Theorie of knowledge --- Theorievorming --- Théorie de la connaissance
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